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FERTILIZATION
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This is truly one of
nature's miracles. Of the millions of sperm released during an
ejaculation, only a few hundred will survive to make the arduous
trip to the egg. Of the few hundred sperm, which reach the egg,
only one will successfully fertilize it. In the process of fertilization,
the female's chromosomes in the egg and the male's chromosomes
in the sperms fuse together to create a new life- one which is
totally different from all others, because of its unique genetic
composition? During the time that the sperm spend in the female
reproductive tract, while swimming towards the egg, they acquire
the capacity to fertilize it- a process called capacitating.
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When the sperm reach
the corona cells they become hyper activated start beating their tails
in a frency. This hyper activation is useful because it provided the mechanical
energy that the sperm head needs to burrow its way through the outer shell
of the egg called the zona. The sperm disperse the cumulus oophorus and
when they reach the egg, they first bind themselves to the zona. A chemical
is released here buy the sperm in a process called the acrosomal reaction
in which the acrosome is removed. The acrosomal enzymes dissolve the zona
pellucid by making a tiny hole in it, so that one sperm can swim through
and reach the surface of the egg. At this time, the egg transforms the
zona to impenetrable barriers, thus preventing other sperm from entering.
The genetic
material of the sperm the male pro nucleus and the genetic material of
the egg the female pro nucleus then fuse to form an embryo, which then
divides into 2 cells. These cells, in turn, thereafter continue to divide
rapidly, producing a ball of cells now called the blastocyst. The embryo
next travels through the fallopian tube (which nurtured it; and at the
appropriate time, propels it) into the uterus. At this takes about 3 to
5 days. The embryo must then break through its zona this is called embryo
hatching, and they attach itself to the lining of the uterus in a process
called implantation, and in 9 months, if all goes well, a baby will born.
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